An abnormal protrusion of internal organs through an abnormal opening in the cavity wall is known as a hernia. This illness is caused by a combination of elevated pressure inside the body and weakness in the wall.
Internal organs or parts of organs protrude out in this illness, causing a bulge that will grow in size with coughing, lifting weight, and passing stool and urine. Except with strangulated and irreducible hernias, the swelling goes inside while lying down.
Hernias can develop in any part of the body. There are, however, certain common hernia sites. Because of the robust bone coating, the chest wall is typically unaffected. Due to the spine and back muscles, as well as tough ligaments and sheets, hernias in the lower back are uncommon.
The abdominal wall is the commonest place for hernias. Due to the presence of several natural orifices, the abdominal wall is weak in comparison to other sections.
There are some places of the abdomen where the muscles are weaker and thinner, which increases the risk of herniation.
Inguinal hernia is a type of hernia that occurs in the inguinal canal (a tube in the lower abdominal wall right above the inguinal ligament) is where the abdominal contents protrude. It can be seen from both sides males are more likely to have this kind.
Initially, the swelling occurs solely when you are straining and then subsides when you lie down. Later, a considerable section of the intestine may come out, and it may be difficult to return.
Females are more likely to have this sort of hernia. The abdominal contents move through the femoral canal, which can be seen right below the thigh-lower abdominal wall junction (Inside the femoral triangle).
The contents flow downhill and out through the saphenous hole in the leg, causing a swelling beneath the skin.
This is a type of hernia that occurs when the umbilical cord. This is common in children. The umbilicus is the abdomen’s weakest link. While defecating, the contents of the abdomen may emerge as a bulb-like protrusion.
In operated areas, these hernias are common. The operated site becomes weak as a result of faulty suturing or infections, resulting in a hernia.
The epigastrium is where the herniation occurs. It’s a rare species.
This is a type of hernia that occurs in the lower back. The hernias develop on either side of the lumbar spine in this location (in the lumbar triangle). This is a rare type as well.
This is a very uncommon kind of hernia. The contents of the stomach pass via the obturator foramen in the pelvic bone here.
If the hernial orifice is narrow, abdominal contents may have difficulty returning, and blood flow to herniated tissues may be blocked as a result of constriction. The protruded intestine may die as a result of this.
When the entire length of the intestine protrudes into the hernial sac, this occurs. The bowels will be obstructed by the narrow hernial orifice.
If a portion of the intestine is strangulated and dies, the infection will spread to the abdomen, resulting in peritonitis.
Initial treatment: The following steps may be helpful in the early stages of hernia.
Depending on the type and severity of the hernia, the following procedures are performed.
The contents of the hernial sac are pushed into the belly, the sac’s neck is ligated with transfixion ligature, and the sac is cut off in this procedure.
The posterior wall is repaired in addition to the herniotomy.
This procedure is used when a herniotomy is not possible due to the sac’s broad neck. Non-absorbable materials such as tantalum gauze, polypropylene mesh, or stainless steel mesh are used to patch the wound.
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